Bibliography List:

1. Rich Witek, Dick Sites. Alpha Architecture Technical Summary, 1992.

2. Richard L. Sites. Alpha AXP Architecture, Digital Technical Journal, Vol. 4, No. 4, Special Issue, 1992.

3. Daniel W. Dobberpuhl, and others. A 200-MHz 64-bit Dual-issue CMOS Microprocessor, Digital Technical Journal, Vol. 4, No. 4, Special Issue, 1992.

4. Edward McLellan. The Alpha AXP Architecture and 21064 Processor, IEEE Micro, 1993.

5. Dina L. McKinney, and others. Digital's DECchip 21066: The First Cost-focused Alpha AXP chip, Digital Technical Journal, 1994.

6. Robert Couranz. The E2COTS System and Alpha AXP Technology: The New Computer Standard for Military Use, Digital Technical Journal, Vol. 6, No. 2, 1994.

7. Samyojita A. Nadkarni, and others. Development of Digital's PCI Chip Sets and Evaluation Kit for the DECchip 21064 Microprocessor, Digital Technical Journal, Vol. 6, No. 2, 1994.

8. Linley Gwennap. Digital Leads the Pack with 21164, Microprocessor Report, Vol. 8, No. 12, 1994.

9. William J. Bowhill, and others. Circuit Implementation of a 300-MHz 64-bit Second-generation CMOS Alpha CPU, Digital Technical Journal, Vol. 7, No. 1, 1995.

10. David P. Hunter, Eric B. Betts. Measured Effects of Adding Byte and Word Instructions to the Alpha Architecture, Digital Technical Journal, Vol. 8, No. 4, 1996.

11. Linley Gwennap. Digital, MIPS Add Multimedia Extensions, Microprocessor Report, Vol. 10, No. 15, 1996.

12. Daniel Leibholz, Rahul Razdan. The Alpha 21264: A 500 MHz Out-of-Order Execution Microprocessor, Proceedings of IEEE COMPCON'97, 1997.

13. Michael K. Gowan, Larry L. Biro, Daniel B. Jackson. Power Considerations in the Design of the Alpha 21264 Microprocessor, DAC 98, June 15-19, 1998.

14. Linley Gwennap. Compaq, Intel Fight Digital Brain Drain, Microprocessor Report, Vol. 12, No. 14, October 26, 1998.

15. Linley Gwennap. Alpha 21364 to Ease Memory Bottleneck, Microprocessor Report, Vol. 12, No. 14, October 26, 1998.

16. M. Matson, and others. Circuit Implementation of a 600 MHz Superscalar RISC Microprocessor, Compaq Technology Journal, 1998.

17. Chart Watch: Workstation Processors, Microprocessor Report, May 10, 1999.

18. Daniel W. Bailey. High-Performance Alpha Microprocessor Design, Compaq Computer Corporation, 1999.

19. Exploring Alpha Power for Technical Computing, Compaq Technology Brief, April 2000.

20. Zarka Cvetanovic. Performance Analysis of the Alpha 21364-based HP GS1280 Multiprocessor, Hewlett-Packard Corporation, 2002.

21. Kevin Krewell. Alpha EV7 Processor: A High-Performance Tradition Continues, Microprocessor Report, April 5, 2002.

22. Ronald P. Preston. Design of an 8-wide Superscalar RISC Microprocessor with Simultaneous Multithreading, Compaq Computer Corporation, ISSCC Report, 2002.

23. Peter N. Glaskowsky. Moore, Moore, and More at ISSCC, Microprocessor Report, March 23, 2003.

We also used numerous technical documentation by DEC and Compaq.

Special Thanks To:

We would like to thank Wikipedia for the information about DEC's early history as well as products of those old days. Also special thanks go to Terry Shannon for his regular and informative newsletter, "Shannon Knows {DEC, Compaq, HPC}"

This paper contains information collected from many unofficial Internet-resources, the full list of which is too long too to be placed here. We would like to thank people from the online community for the interesting facts they shared with us, their comments, points of view, etc.

The photographs of EV4 and EV6 are courtesy of cpu-collector.com

The author would like to thank personally ISA_user, VLev, Yury_Malich, Stranger_NN, and of course, matik for their valuable contribution to the article!