Intel Corp. on Monday unveiled yet unknown details regarding its forthcoming code-named Nehalem microprocessors and their micro-architecture for the first time. With Nehalem micro-architecture and its first implementations Intel gives software industry a clear signal that multi-core, multi-thread computing is here to stay.

The main micro-architectural enhancements for Nehalem that Intel has discussed so far is increased parallelism – the new microprocessors will be able to execute 33% more concurrent micro-ops at the same time. Additional improvements include faster unaligned cache accesses and faster synchronization primitives. In order to exclude situations when execution units stand idle, Intel also implemented new 2^nd level branch predictor.

Another key enhancement of Intel Nehalem is completely redesigned cache sub-system. The new chips will feature 2^nd level 512 entry translation look-aside buffer (in addition to 1^st level TLB) in order to further reduce the so-called TLB miss rate, a completely new feature on x86 microprocessors. In addition, Intel Nehalem processors (at least, in certain implementations) will have three-level cache hierarchy: 64KB L1 (32KB for data, 32KB for instructions), 256KB L2 cache per core, 8MB L3 cache per processor. Traditionally, Intel chips use inclusive cache policy.

The world’s largest maker of x86 microprocessors also reiterated that its high-end Nehalem microprocessors will have from 2 to 8 cores, triple-channel DDR3 memory controller (with up to 1333MHz clock-speed supported initially), will use Quick Path Interconnect (QPI) bus and will support multi-threading technology similar with Intel HyperTransport that was first unveiled back in 2002 as well as SSE4.2 instructions.

“These technical improvements will result in performance improvements as well as flexibility for a wide range of eventual products based on the Nehalem architecture,” a statement by Intel reads.

Intel’s first implementation of Nehalem processor is code-named Bloomfield. This chip will be made using 45nm process technology and will sport 731 million transistors.